ÃÎÑÒ 22268-76* Ãåîäåçèÿ. Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ ÑÎÞÇÀ ÑÑÐ

ÃÅÎÄÅÇÈß

ÒÅÐÌÈÍÛ È ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß

ÃÎÑÒ 22268-76

ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÊÎÌÈÒÅÒ ÑÑÑÐ ÏÎ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒÀÌ

Ìîñêâà

ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ ÑÎÞÇÀ ÑÑÐ

ÃÅÎÄÅÇÈß

Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

Geodetisy. Terms and definitions

ÃÎÑÒ
22268-76

Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî êîìèòåòà ñòàíäàðòîâ Ñîâåòà Ìèíèñòðîâ ÑÑÑÐ îò 21 äåêàáðÿ 1976 ã. ¹ 2791 ñðîê ââåäåíèÿ óñòàíîâëåí

ñ 01.01. 1978 ã.

Íàñòîÿùèé ñòàíäàðò óñòàíàâëèâàåò ïðèìåíÿåìûå â íàóêå, òåõíèêå è ïðîèçâîäñòâå òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ îñíîâíûõ ïîíÿòèé â îáëàñòè ãåîäåçèè.

Òåðìèíû, óñòàíîâëåííûå íàñòîÿùèì ñòàíäàðòîì, îáÿçàòåëüíû äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ â äîêóìåíòàöèè âñåõ âèäîâ, ó÷åáíèêàõ, ó÷åáíûõ ïîñîáèÿõ, òåõíè÷åñêîé è ñïðàâî÷íîé ëèòåðàòóðå. Ïðèâåäåííûå îïðåäåëåíèÿ ìîæíî, ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè, èçìåíÿòü ïî ôîðìå èçëîæåíèÿ, íå äîïóñêàÿ íàðóøåíèÿ ãðàíèö ïîíÿòèÿ.

Äëÿ êàæäîãî ïîíÿòèÿ óñòàíîâëåí îäèí ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûé òåðìèí. Ïðèìåíåíèå òåðìèíîâ-ñèíîíèìîâ ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííîãî òåðìèíà çàïðåùàåòñÿ. Íåäîïóñòèìûå ê ïðèìåíåíèþ òåðìèíû-ñèíîíèìû ïðèâåäåíû â ñòàíäàðòå â êà÷åñòâå ñïðàâî÷íûõ è îáîçíà÷åíû «Íäï».

Äëÿ îòäåëüíûõ ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûõ òåðìèíîâ â ñòàíäàðòå ïðèâåäåíû â êà÷åñòâå ñïðàâî÷íûõ èõ êðàòêèå ôîðìû, êîòîðûå ðàçðåøàåòñÿ ïðèìåíÿòü â ñëó÷àÿõ, èñêëþ÷àþùèõ âîçìîæíîñòü èõ ðàçëè÷íîãî òîëêîâàíèÿ.

 ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà âñå íåîáõîäèìûå è äîñòàòî÷íûå ïðèçíàêè ïîíÿòèÿ ñîäåðæàòñÿ â áóêâàëüíîì çíà÷åíèè òåðìèíà, îïðåäåëåíèå íe ïðèâåäåíî è ñîîòâåòñòâåííî â ãðàôå «Îïðåäåëåíèå» ïîñòàâëåí ïðî÷åðê.

 ñòàíäàðòå â êà÷åñòâå ñïðàâî÷íûõ ïðèâåäåíû èíîñòðàííûå ýêâèâàëåíòû ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûõ òåðìèíîâ íà íåìåöêîì (D), àíãëèéñêîì (Å) è ôðàíöóçñêîì (F) ÿçûêàõ.

 ñòàíäàðòå ïðèâåäåí àëôàâèòíûé óêàçàòåëü ñîäåðæàùèõñÿ òåðìèíîâ íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå è èõ èíîñòðàííûõ ýêâèâàëåíòîâ.

Ê ñòàíäàðòó äàíî ñïðàâî÷íîå ïðèëîæåíèå, ñîäåðæàùåå òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîíÿòèé, èñïîëüçóåìûõ â ñòàíäàðòå.

Ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûå òåðìèíû íàáðàíû ïîëóæèðíûì øðèôòîì, èõ êðàòêèå ôîðìû - ñâåòëûì, íåäîïóñòèìûå ñèíîíèìû - êóðñèâîì.

Òåðìèí

Îïðåäåëåíèå

ÔÈÃÓÐÀ ÇÅÌËÈ

1. Ïîòåíöèàë ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

Ïîòåíöèàë ñèëû òÿæåñòè

D. Schwerepotential

Å. Gravity potential

F. Potentiel de la pesanteur

Âåëè÷èíà, ÷èñëåííî ðàâíàÿ ðàáîòå ïî ïåðåíîñó åäèíèöû ìàññû â ïîëå ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè èç áåñêîíå÷íîñòè â äàííóþ òî÷êó

2. Óñêîðåíèå ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

Óñêîðåíèå ñèëû òÿæåñòè

D. Schwerebeschleunigung

Å. Acceleration of gravity

F. Accélération de la pesanteur

-

3. Íîðìàëüíîå çíà÷åíèå ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

Íîðìàëüíàÿ ñèëà òÿæåñòè

D. Normalschwere

Å. Normal gravity

F. Pesanteur normale

Ïî ÃÎÑÒ 17782-72

4. Íîðìàëüíîå çíà÷åíèå óñêîðåíèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

Íîðìàëüíîå óñêîðåíèå ñèëû òÿæåñòè

D. Normalschwerebeschleunigung

Å. Normal gravity acceleration

F. Accélération normale de la pesanteur

Çíà÷åíèå óñêîðåíèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå åå òåîðåòè÷åñêîé ìîäåëè

5. Íîðìàëüíîå çíà÷åíèå ïîòåíöèàëà ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

Íîðìàëüíûé ïîòåíöèàë

D. Normales Schwerepotential

Å. Normal gravity potential

F. Potentiel de la pesanteur normal

Çíà÷åíèå ïîòåíöèàëà ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå åå òåîðåòè÷åñêîé ìîäåëè

6. Âîçìóùàþùèé ïîòåíöèàë ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

Âîçìóùàþùèé ïîòåíöèàë

D. Störpotential

Å. Disturbing potential

F. Potentiel perturbateur

Ðàçíîñòü ìåæäó ïîòåíöèàëîì ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè è åãî íîðìàëüíûì çíà÷åíèåì

7. Ãåîïîòåíöèàëüíàÿ âåëè÷èíà

D. Geopotentielle Kote

E. Geopotential height

F. Coto géopotentiell

Ðàçíîñòü çíà÷åíèé ïîòåíöèàëà ñèëû òÿæåñòè â äàííîé òî÷êå çåìíîé ïîâåðõíîñòè è íà ïîâåðõíîñòè ãåîèäà

8. Àíîìàëèÿ óñêîðåíèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

Àíîìàëèÿ óñêîðåíèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè

D. Schwerebeschleunigunganomalie

Å. Gravity acceleration anomaly

F. Anomalie de 1`accéleration de la pesanteur

Ïî ÃÎÑÒ 17782-72

9. Àíîìàëèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

Àíîìàëèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè

D. Schwereanomalie

Å. Gravity anomaly

F. Anomalie de la pesanteur

Ðàçíîñòü ìåæäó èçìåðåííûì çíà÷åíèåì ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè è åå íîðìàëüíûì çíà÷åíèåì â äàííîé òî÷êå

10. Óðîâåííàÿ ïîâåðõíîñòü

D. Niveaufläche

Aquipotentialflache

E. Level surface

Equipotential surface

F. Surface de niveau

Surface équipotentielle

Ïîâåðõíîñòü, íà êîòîðîé ïîòåíöèàë ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè âñþäó èìååò îäíî è òî æå çíà÷åíèå

11. Ãåîèä

D. Geoid

E. Geoid

F. Géoide

Ôèãóðà Çåìëè, îáðàçîâàííàÿ óðîâåííîé ïîâåðõíîñòüþ, ñîâïàäàþùåé ñ ïîâåðõíîñòüþ Ìèðîâîãî îêåàíà â ñîñòîÿíèè ïîëíîãî ïîêîÿ è ðàâíîâåñèÿ è ïðîäîëæåííîé ïîä ìàòåðèêàìè

12. Ñèëîâàÿ ëèíèÿ ïîëÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

Ñèëîâàÿ ëèíèÿ

D. Kraftlinie

F. Ligne de force du champ de la pesanteur

Ïðîñòðàíñòâåííàÿ êðèâàÿ, â êàæäîé òî÷êå êîòîðîé åå êàñàòåëüíàÿ ñîâïàäàåò ñ íàïðàâëåíèåì äåéñòâèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

13. Îòâåñíàÿ ëèíèÿ

D. Lotlinie.

Lotrichtung

E. Plumb line

F. Verticale

Ïðÿìàÿ, ñîâïàäàþùàÿ ñ íàïðàâëåíèåì äåéñòâèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè â äàííîé òî÷êå

14. Çåìíîé ýëëèïñîèä

D. Erdellipsoid

E. Earth ellipsoid

F. Ellipsoide terrestre

Ýëëèïñîèä, êîòîðûé õàðàêòåðèçóåò ôèãóðó è ðàçìåðû Çåìëè

15. Ðåôåðåíö-ýëëèïñîèä

D. Referenzellipsoid

Bezugsellipsoid

E. Reference ellipsoid

F. Ellipsoide de référence

Çåìíîé ýëëèïñîèä, ïðèíÿòûé äëÿ îáðàáîòêè ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ èçìåðåíèé è óñòàíîâëåíèÿ ñèñòåìû ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ êîîðäèíàò

16. Óðîíåííûé ýëëèïñîèä

D. Niveauellipsoid

E. Level ellipsoid

F. Ellipsoide de niveau

Çåìíîé ýëëèïñîèä, íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êîòîðîãî ïîòåíöèàë ñèëû òÿæåñòè âñþäó èìååò îäíî è òî æå çíà÷åíèå

17. Çåìíîé ñôåðîèä

D. Erdsphäroid

Å. Earth spheroid

F. Sphéroide terrestre

Ôèãóðà, êîòîðóþ ïðèíÿëà áû Çåìëÿ, íàõîäÿñü â ñîñòîÿíèè ãèäðîñòàòè÷åñêîãî ðàâíîâåñèÿ è ïîä âëèÿíèåì òîëüêî ñèë âçàèìíîãî òÿãîòåíèÿ åå ÷àñòèö è öåíòðîáåæíîé ñèëû åå âðàùåíèÿ îêîëî íåèçìåííîé îñè

18. Óðîâåííûé ñôåðîèä

D. Niveausphäroid

E. Level spheroid Spherop

F. Sphéroide de niveau

Çåìíîé ñôåðîèä, íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êîòîðîãî ïîòåíöèàë ñèëû òÿæåñòè âñþäó èìååò îäíî è òî æå çíà÷åíèå

19. Âûñîòà ãåîèäà

D. Geoidchöhe

Geoidundulation

E. Geoid height

F. Altitude du géoide

Âûñîòà ïîâåðõíîñòè ãåîèäà íàä ïîâåðõíîñòüþ çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà ïî íîðìàëè ê íåìó â äàííîé òî÷êå

20. Óêëîíåíèå îòâåñíîé ëèíèè

Óêëîíåíèå îòâåñà

D. Lotabweichung

E. Deviation of the plumb line

F. Déviation de la verticale

Pente transversale

Óãîë ìåæäó îòâåñíîé ëèíèåé è íîðìàëüþ ê ïîâåðõíîñòè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà â äàííîé òî÷êå.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Óêëîíåíèÿì îòâåñíûõ ëèíèé â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ìåòîäà èõ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ìîãóò ïðèñâàèâàòüñÿ ñîáñòâåííûå íàçâàíèÿ

21. Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîå íèâåëèðîâàíèå ïîâåðõíîñòè ãåîèäà

Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîå íèâåëèðîâàíèå

D. Astronomisches Nivellement

E. Astronomic (al) levelling

F. Nivellement astronomique

Ìåòîä îïðåäåëåíèÿ âûñîòû ãåîèäà ïî àñòðîíîìî-ãåîäåçè÷åñêèì äàííûì

22. Àñòðîíîìî-ãðàâèìåòðè÷åñêîå íèâåëèðîâàíèå

D. Astronomisch-gravimetrisches Nivellement

E. Astro-gravimetric levelling

F. Nivellement astrogravimétrique

Ìåòîä îïðåäåëåíèÿ âûñîòû ãåîèäà ïóòåì ñîâìåñòíîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ àñòðîíîìî-ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ è ãðàâèìåòðè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ

ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÊÎÎÐÄÈÍÀÒ

23. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèå êîîðäèíàòû

D. Geodatische Koordinaten

E. Geodetic coordinates

F. Coordonnées géodésiques

Òðè âåëè÷èíû, äâå èç êîòîðûõ õàðàêòåðèçóþò íàïðàâëåíèå íîðìàëè ê ïîâåðõíîñòè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà â äàííîé òî÷êå ïðîñòðàíñòâà îòíîñèòåëüíî ïëîñêîñòåé åãî ýêâàòîðà è íà÷àëüíîãî ìåðèäèàíà, à òðåòüÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ âûñîòîé òî÷êè íàä ïîâåðõíîñòüþ çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà

24. Ïëîñêîñòü ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé ìåðèäèàí

D. Geodätischer Meridian

Meridianebene

E. Geodetic meridian

F. Méridien

Méridien géodésique

Ïëîñêîñòü, ïðîõîäÿùàÿ ÷åðåç íîðìàëü ê ïîâåðõíîñòè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà â äàííîé òî÷êå è ïàðàëëåëüíàÿ åãî ìàëîé îñè

25. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ øèðîòà

D. Geodätische Breite

Å. Geodetic latitude

F. Latitude géodésique

Óãîë, îáðàçîâàííûé íîðìàëüþ ê ïîâåðõíîñòè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà â äàííîé òî÷êå è ïëîñêîñòüþ åãî ýêâàòîðà

26. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ äîëãîòà

D. Geodatische Lange

Å. Geodetic longitude

F. Longitude géodésique

Äâóãðàííûé óãîë ìåæäó ïëîñêîñòÿìè ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà äàííîé òî÷êè è íà÷àëüíîãî ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà

27. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ âûñîòà

D. Geodätische Höhe

Å. Geodetic height

F. Altitude géodésiques

Âûñîòà òî÷êè íàä ïîâåðõíîñòüþ çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà

28. Îðòîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ âûñîòà

D. Orthometrische Höhe

Meereshöhe

Å. Orthometric height

F. Cote orthométrique

Altitude orthométrique

Âûñîòà òî÷êè íàä ïîâåðõíîñòüþ ãåîèäà

29. Íîðìàëüíàÿ âûñîòà

D. Normalhöhe

Å. Normal height

F. Altitude normale

Âåëè÷èíà, ÷èñëåííî ðàâíàÿ îòíîøåíèþ ãåîïîòåíöèàëüíîé âåëè÷èíû â äàííîé òî÷êå ê ñðåäíåìó çíà÷åíèþ íîðìàëüíîé ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè ïî îòðåçêó, îòëîæåííîìó îò ïîâåðõíîñòè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà

30. Äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ âûñîòà

D. Dynamische Höhe

Å. Dynamic height

F. Cote dynamique

Altitude dynamique

Âåëè÷èíà, ÷èñëåííî ðàâíàÿ îòíîøåíèþ ãåîïîòåíöèàëüíîé âåëè÷èíû â äàííîé òî÷êå ê íåêîòîðîìó ïîñòîÿííîìó çíà÷åíèþ óñêîðåíèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

31. Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèå êîîðäèíàòû

D. Astronomische Koordinaten

Å. Astronomic (al) coordinates

F. Coordonnées astronomique

Êîìïîíåíòû íàïðàâëåíèÿ îòâåñíîé ëèíèè â äàííîé òî÷êå ïðîñòðàíñòâà îòíîñèòåëüíî ïëîñêîñòè, ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíîé ê îñè âðàùåíèÿ Çåìëè, è ïëîñêîñòè íà÷àëüíîãî àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà

32. Ïëîñêîñòü àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà

Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé ìåðèäèàí

D. Astronomischer Meridian

Meridianebene

Å. Astronomic (al) meridian

Meridian

F. Méridien astronomique

Méridien

Plan méridien

Ïëîñêîñòü, ïðîõîäÿùàÿ ÷åðåç îòâåñíóþ ëèíèþ â äàííîé òî÷êå è ïàðàëëåëüíàÿ îñè âðàùåíèÿ Çåìëè

33. Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêàÿ øèðîòà

D. Astronomische Breite

Å. Astronomic (al) latitude

F. Latitude astronomique

Óãîë, îáðàçîâàííûé îòâåñíîé ëèíèåé â äàííîé òî÷êå è ïëîñêîñòüþ, ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíîé ê îñè âðàùåíèÿ Çåìëè

34. Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêàÿ äîëãîòà

D. Astronomische Lange

Å. Astronomic (al) longitude

F. Longitude astronomique

Äâóãðàííûé óãîë ìåæäó ïëîñêîñòÿìè àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà äàííîé òî÷êè è íà÷àëüíîãî àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà

35. Ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèå êîîðäèíàòû

D. Geographische Koordinaten

Å. Geographic (al) coordinates

F. Coordonnées géographiques

Îáîáùåííîå ïîíÿòèå îá àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèõ è ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ êîîðäèíàòàõ, êîãäà óêëîíåíèÿ îòâåñíûõ ëèíèé íå ó÷èòûâàþò

36. Ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêèå êîîðäèíàòû

D. Geozentrische Koordinaten

E. Geocentric coordinates

F. Coordonnées géocentriques

Âåëè÷èíû, îïðåäåëÿþùèå ïîëîæåíèå òî÷êè â ñèñòåìå êîîðäèíàò, ó êîòîðîé íà÷àëî ñîâïàäàåò ñ öåíòðîì ìàññ Çåìëè

37. Ïëîñêîñòü ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà

Ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêèé ìåðèäèàí

D. Geozentrischer Meridian

Geozentrische Meridianebene

E. Geocentric meridian

F. Méridien géocentrique

Ïëîñêîñòü, ïðîõîäÿùàÿ ÷åðåç äàííóþ òî÷êó è îñü âðàùåíèÿ Çåìëè

38. Ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêèé ðàäèóñ-âåêòîð

D. Geozentrischer Radiusvektor

E. Geocentric radius-vector

F. Distance géocentrique

Ëèíèÿ, ñîåäèíÿþùàÿ öåíòð ìàññ Çåìëè ñ äàííîé òî÷êîé

30. Ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêàÿ øèðîòà

D. Geozentrische Breite

E. Geocentric latitude

F. Latitude géocentrique

Óãîë, îáðàçîâàííûé ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêèì ðàäèóñîì-âåêòîðîì è ïëîñêîñòüþ, ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíîé ê îñè âðàùåíèÿ Çåìëè

40. Ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêàÿ äîëãîòà

D. Geozentrische Länge

E. Geocentric longitude

F. Longitude géocentrique

Äâóãðàííûé óãîë ìåæäó ïëîñêîñòÿìè ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà äàííîé òî÷êè è íà÷àëüíîãî ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà

41. Ïëîñêîñòü íà÷àëüíîãî ìåðèäèàíà

Íà÷àëüíûé ìåðèäèàí

D. Nullmeridian

E. Prime meridian

F. Méridien d`origine

Ïëîñêîñòü ìåðèäèàíà, îò êîòîðîé âåäåòñÿ ñ÷åò äîëãîò

42. Ïëîñêèå ïðÿìîóãîëüíûå ãåîäåçè÷åñêèå êîîðäèíàòû

Ïëîñêèå ïðÿìîóãîëüíûå êîîðäèíàòû

D. Ebene rechtwinklige Koordinaten

E. Plane coordinates

F. Coordonnées rectangulaires

Ïðÿìîóãîëüíûå êîîðäèíàòû íà ïëîñêîñòè, íà êîòîðîé îòîáðàæåíà ïî îïðåäåëåííîìó ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîìó çàêîíó ïîâåðõíîñòü çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà

43. Òîïîöåíòðè÷åñêèå êîîðäèíàòû

D. Topozentrische Koordinaten

E. Topocentric coordinates

F. Coordonnées topocentriques

Êîîðäèíàòû, íà÷àëîì ñ÷åòà êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ òî÷êà ìåñòíîñòè

44. Ãîðèçîíòàëüíûå êîîðäèíàòû

D. Horizontalkoordinaten

E. Horizontal coordinates

F. Coordonnées horizontales

Òîïîöåíòðè÷åñêèå êîîðäèíàòû, îäíîé èç îñåé ñèñòåìû êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ îòâåñíàÿ ëèíèÿ èëè íîðìàëü ê ïîâåðõíîñòè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà, ïðîõîäÿùèå ÷åðåç äàííóþ òî÷êó

45. Ãîðèçîíòàëüíàÿ ïëîñêîñòü

D. Horizontebene

Å. Horizontal plane

F. Plan horizontal

Ïëîñêîñòü, ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíàÿ ê îòâåñíîé ëèíèè, ïðîõîäÿùåé ÷åðåç äàííóþ òî÷êó

46. Âåðòèêàëüíàÿ ïëîñêîñòü

D. Vertikalebene

E. Vertical plane

F. Plan vertical

Ïëîñêîñòü, ïðîõîäÿùàÿ ÷åðåç îòâåñíóþ ëèíèþ äàííîé òî÷êè

47. Ãîðèçîíòàëüíûé óãîë

D. Horizontalwinkel

E. Horizontal angle

F. Angle horizontal

Äâóãðàííûé óãîë, ðåáðî êîòîðîãî îáðàçîâàíî îòâåñíîé ëèíèåé, ïðîõîäÿùåé ÷åðåç äàííóþ òî÷êó

48. Âåðòèêàëüíûé óãîë

D. Vertikalwinkel

Höhenwinkel

E. Vertical angle

F. Angle vertical

Óãîë, ëåæàùèé â âåðòèêàëüíîé ïëîñêîñòè

49. Çåíèò

D. Zenit

E. Zenith

F. Zénith

Òî÷êà ïåðåñå÷åíèÿ îòâåñíîé ëèíèè èëè íîðìàëè ê ïîâåðõíîñòè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà ñ íåáåñíîé ñôåðîé

50. Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé çåíèò

D. Astronomischer Zenit

E. Astronomic (al) zenith

F. Zénith astronomique

Òî÷êà ïåðåñå÷åíèÿ îòâåñíîé ëèíèè ñ íåáåñíîé ñôåðîé

51. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé çåíèò

D. Geodätischer Zenit

E. Geodetic zenith

F. Zénith géodésique

Òî÷êà ïåðåñå÷åíèÿ íîðìàëè ê ïîâåðõíîñòè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà ñ íåáåñíîé ñôåðîé

52. Çåíèòíîå ðàññòîÿíèå

D. Zenitdistans

E. Zenith distence

F. Distance zénithale

Óãîë ìåæäó íàïðàâëåíèÿìè íà çåíèò äàííîé òî÷êè è íà äðóãóþ òî÷êó

53. Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîå çåíèòíîå ðàññòîÿíèå

D. Astronomische Zenitdistanz

E. Astronomic (al) zenith distance

F. Distance zénithale astronomique

Óãîë ìåæäó íàïðàâëåíèÿìè íà àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé çåíèò äàííîé òî÷êè è íà äðóãóþ òî÷êó

54. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêîå çåíèòíîå ðàññòîÿíèå

D. Geodätische Zenitdistanz

E. Geodetic zenith distance

F. Distance zénithale géodésiques

Óãîë ìåæäó íàïðàâëåíèÿìè íà ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé çåíèò äàííîé òî÷êè è íà äðóãóþ òî÷êó

55. Ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèé àçèìóò

Àçèìóò

D. Geographisches Azimut

E. Geographic (al) azimuth

F. Azimut géographique

Äâóãðàííûé óãîë ìåæäó ïëîñêîñòüþ ìåðèäèàíà äàííîé òî÷êè è âåðòèêàëüíîé ïëîñêîñòüþ, ïðîõîäÿùåé â äàííîì íàïðàâëåíèè, îòñ÷èòûâàåìûé îò íàïðàâëåíèÿ íà ñåâåð ïî õîäó ÷àñîâîé ñòðåëêè

56. Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé àçèìóò

D. Astronomisches Azimut

Å. Astronomic (al) azimuth

F. Azimut astronomique

Äâóãðàííûé óãîë ìåæäó ïëîñêîñòüþ àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà äàííîé òî÷êè è âåðòèêàëüíîé ïëîñêîñòüþ, ïðîõîäÿùåé â äàííîì íàïðàâëåíèè, îòñ÷èòûâàåìûé îò íàïðàâëåíèÿ íà ñåâåð ïî õîäó ÷àñîâîé ñòðåëêè

57. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé àçèìóò

D. Geodätisches Azimut

E. Geodetic azimuth

F. Azimut géodésique

Äâóãðàííûé óãîë ìåæäó ïëîñêîñòüþ ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà äàííîé òî÷êè è ïëîñêîñòüþ, ïðîõîäÿùåé ÷åðåç íîðìàëü â íåé è ñîäåðæàùåé äàííîå íàïðàâëåíèå, îòñ÷èòûâàåìûé îò íàïðàâëåíèÿ íà ñåâåð ïî õîäó ÷àñîâîé ñòðåëêè

58. Ãîðèçîíòàëüíîå ïðîëîæåíèå

D. Projektionslänge

E. Horizontal distance

F. Projection horizontale

Äëèíà ïðîåêöèè ëèíèè íà ãîðèçîíòàëüíóþ ïëîñêîñòü

59. Äèðåêöèîííûé óãîë

D. Richtungswinkel

E. Grid bearing

F. Gisement

Óãîë ìåæäó ïðîõîäÿùèì ÷åðåç äàííóþ òî÷êó íàïðàâëåíèåì è ëèíèåé, ïàðàëëåëüíîé îñè àáñöèññ, îòñ÷èòûâàåìûé îò ñåâåðíîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ îñè àáñöèññ ïî õîäó ÷àñîâîé ñòðåëêè.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  çàâèñèìîñòè îò âûáîðà ñèñòåìû ïîâåðõíîñòíûõ êîîðäèíàò èëè ïðîåêöèè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà íà ïëîñêîñòü äèðåêöèîííûé óãîë ìîæåò èìåòü ñîáñòâåííîå íàçâàíèå, íàïðèìåð, ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé äèðåêöèîííûé óãîë, ãàóññîâ äèðåêöèîííûé óãîë è ò.ä.

60. Îñåâîé ìåðèäèàí

D. Hauptmeridian

E. Central meridian

F. Méridien central

Ìåðèäèàí, ïðèíÿòûé çà îñü êàêîé-ëèáî ñèñòåìû êîîðäèíàò íà ïîâåðõíîñòè

61. Ñáëèæåíèå ìåðèäèàíîâ

D. Meridiankonvergenz

E. Convergence of meridians

F. Convergence des méridiens

Óãîë â äàííîé òî÷êå ìåæäó åå ìåðèäèàíîì è ëèíèåé, ïàðàëëåëüíîé îñè àáñöèññ èëè îñåâîìó ìåðèäèàíó.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  çàâèñèìîñòè îò âûáîðà ïðîåêöèè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà íà ïëîñêîñòü ñáëèæåíèå ìåðèäèàíîâ ìîæåò èìåòü ñîáñòâåííîå íàçâàíèå, íàïðèìåð, ãåîäåçè÷åñêîå ñáëèæåíèå ìåðèäèàíîâ, ãàóññîâî ñáëèæåíèå ìåðèäèàíîâ

62. Ïðÿìàÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ çàäà÷à

D. Erste geodätische Hauptaufgabe

E. Direct geodetic problem

F. Problème direct de la géodésic ellipsoidale

Îïðåäåëåíèå êîîðäèíàò êîíå÷íîé òî÷êè ëèíèè ïî åå äëèíå, íàïðàâëåíèþ è êîîðäèíàòàì íà÷àëüíîé òî÷êè.

63. Îáðàòíàÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ çàäà÷à

D. Zweite geodätische Hauptaufgabe

E. Inverse geodetic problem

F. Problème inverse de la géodésic ellipsoidale

Îïðåäåëåíèå äëèíû è íàïðàâëåíèÿ ëèíèè ïî äàííûì êîîðäèíàòàì åå íà÷àëüíîé è êîíå÷íîé òî÷åê

ÃÅÎÄÅÇÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÑÅÒÈ

64. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü

D. Geodätisches Netz

E. Geodetic net

Geodetic framework

Geodetic network

F. Réseau géodésique

Ñåòü çàêðåïëåííûõ òî÷åê çåìíîé ïîâåðõíîñòè, ïîëîæåíèå êîòîðûõ îïðåäåëåíî â îáùåé äëÿ íèõ ñèñòåìå ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ êîîðäèíàò

65. Àñòðîíîìî-ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü

D. Astronomisch-geodätisches Netz

E. Astro-geodetic net

F. Réseau astro-géodésique

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü, íà ÷àñòè ïóíêòîâ êîòîðîé îïðåäåëåíû àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèå êîîðäèíàòû è àçèìóòû

66. Íèâåëèðíàÿ ñåòü

D. Nivellementsnetz

E. Levelling net

F. Réseau de nivellement

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü, âûñîòû ïóíêòîâ êîòîðîé íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ îïðåäåëåíû ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèì íèâåëèðîâàíèåì

67. Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü

D. Landesfestpunktnetz

F. Réseau géodésique (d`Etat)

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü, îáåñïå÷èâàþùàÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå êîîðäèíàò íà òåððèòîðèþ ãîñóäàðñòâà è ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ èñõîäíîé äëÿ ïîñòðîåíèÿ äðóãèõ ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ ñåòåé.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Êëàññû ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòè ÑÑÑÐ îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ èíñòðóêöèåé

68. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü ñãóùåíèÿ

Ñåòü ñãóùåíèÿ

D. Verdichtungsnetz

E. Control extension

F. Réseau géodésique emboîte

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü, ñîçäàâàåìàÿ â ðàçâèòèå ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòè áîëåå âûñîêîãî ïîðÿäêà.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå. ×àñòíûì ñëó÷àåì ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ ñåòåé ñãóùåíèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñåòè, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå ñîáîé ñâÿçóþùåå çâåíî ìåæäó ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòüþ è ñúåìî÷íûìè ñåòÿìè

69. Ñúåìî÷íàÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü

Ñúåìî÷íàÿ åñòü

D. Aufnahmenetz

E. Survey control

F. Canevas de détail

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü ñãóùåíèÿ, ñîçäàâàåìàÿ äëÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà òîïîãðàôè÷åñêîé ñúåìêè

ÃÅÎÄÅÇÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÓÍÊÒÛ

70. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé ïóíêò

D. Geodätischer Punkt

Festpunkt

Å. Geodetic point

F. Point géodésique

Ïóíêò ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòè.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêîìó ïóíêòó ìîæåò áûòü ïðèñâîåíî íàçâàíèå, õàðàêòåðèçóþùåå ìåòîä îïðåäåëåíèÿ åãî ïîëîæåíèÿ, íàïðèìåð, ïóíêò òðèàíãóëÿöèè

70à. Êàòàëîã êîîðäèíàò ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ ïóíêòîâ

(Ââåäåí äîïîëíèòåëüíî, Èçì. ¹ 1).

Ñèñòåìàòèçèðîâàííûé ñïèñîê ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ ïóíêòîâ, ðàñïîëîæåííûõ íà ïëîùàäè, îãðàíè÷åííîé ëèñòîì èëè ëèñòàìè òîïîãðàôè÷åñêîé êàðòû îïðåäåëåííîãî ìàñøòàáà, â êîòîðîì ïðèâåäåíû ñâåäåíèÿ î ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòè

71. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé çíàê

D. Pfeiler Signal

E. Tower

F. Signal géodésique

Óñòðîéñòâî èëè ñîîðóæåíèå, îáîçíà÷àþùåå ïîëîæåíèå ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïóíêòà íà ìåñòíîñòè

71à. Ñáîðíî-ðàçáîðíûé ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé çíàê

(Ââåäåí äîïîëíèòåëüíî, Èçì. ¹ 1).

-

72. Öåíòð ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïóíêòà

Öåíòð

D. Punktzentrum

E. Centre

F. Borne géodésique

Óñòðîéñòâî, ÿâëÿþùååñÿ íîñèòåëåì êîîðäèíàò ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïóíêòà

73. Ìàðêà öåíòðà ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïóíêòà

Ìàðêà

D. Festpunktmarke

E. Mark

F. Repère

Äåòàëü öåíòðà ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïóíêòà, èìåþùàÿ ìåòêó, ê êîòîðîé îòíîñÿò åãî êîîðäèíàòû

74. Íèâåëèðíûé ðåïåð

Ðåïåð

D. Höhenmarke

Höhenbolzen

Nivellementbolzen

E. Bench mark

F. Repère de nivellement

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé çíàê, çàêðåïëÿþùèé ïóíêò íèâåëèðíîé ñåòè.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  ñîáñòâåííîì íàçâàíèè ðåïåðà ìîæåò áûòü îòðàæåíî ìåñòî çàêëàäêè (íàïðèìåð, ãðóíòîâûé ðåïåð) è îñîáåííîñòè çàêëàäêè (íàïðèìåð, ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûé ðåïåð)

76. Îðèåíòèðíûé ïóíêò

E. Witness mark

Ïóíêò, çàêðåïëÿþùèé íà ìåñòíîñòè íàïðàâëåíèå ñ ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïóíêòà

76. Ýëåìåíòû ïðèâåäåíèÿ

D. Reduktionselemente

E. Eccentric elements

F. Éléments de décentrement et d`excentrement

Âåëè÷èíû, îïðåäåëÿþùèå ïîëîæåíèå ïðîåêöèé íà ãîðèçîíòàëüíóþ ïëîñêîñòü âåðòèêàëüíîé îñè ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïðèáîðà è îñè âèçèðíîé öåïè îòíîñèòåëüíî öåíòðà ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïóíêòà

ÏÎÑÒÐÎÅÍÈÅ È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ ÃÅÎÄÅÇÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÑÅÒÅÉ

77. Òðèàíãóëÿöèÿ

D. Triangulation

Dreiecksnets

E. Triangulation

F. Triangulation

Ìåòîä ïîñòðîåíèÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòè â âèäå òðåóãîëüíèêîâ, â êîòîðûõ èçìåðåíû èõ óãëû è íåêîòîðûå èç ñòîðîí

78. Ïîëèãîíîìåòðèÿ

D. Polygonometrische Messungen

Polygonzug

E. Traversing

F. Polygonation

Cheminement géodésique

Ìåòîä ïîñòðîåíèÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòè ïóòåì èçìåðåíèÿ ðàññòîÿíèé è óãëîâ ìåæäó ïóíêòàìè õîäà

79. Òðèëàòåðàöèÿ

D. Trilateration

Å. Trilateration

F. Trilatération

Ìåòîä ïîñòðîåíèÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòè â âèäå òðåóãîëüíèêîâ, â êîòîðûõ èçìåðåíû âñå èõ ñòîðîíû

80. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ çàñå÷êà

Çàñå÷êà

D. Geodätisches Einschneiden

Å. Geodetic intersection

F. Intersection

Îïðåäåëåíèå êîîðäèíàò òî÷êè ïî ýëåìåíòàì, èçìåðåííûì èëè ïîñòðîåííûì íà íåé èëè íà èñõîäíûõ ïóíêòàõ

81. Ïðÿìàÿ çàñå÷êà

D. Vorwärtseinschneiden

E. Intersection

F. Intersection

Çàñå÷êà, âûïîëíÿåìàÿ ñ èñõîäíûõ ïóíêòîâ

82. Îáðàòíàÿ çàñå÷êà

D. Ruckwärtseinschneiden

E. Resection

F. Relèvement

Çàñå÷êà, âûïîëíÿåìàÿ íà îïðåäåëÿåìîé òî÷êå

83. Êîìáèíèðîâàííàÿ çàñå÷êà

D. Koinbiniertes Einschneiden

Vereinigtes Vorwarts-und Ruckwartseinschneiden

E. Combined intersection and resection

F. Recoupement

Çàñå÷êà, âûïîëíÿåìàÿ íà îïðåäåëÿåìîé òî÷êå è ñ èñõîäíûõ ïóíêòîâ

84. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé õîä

Õîä

D. Zug

E. Traverse

F. Cheminement

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêîå ïîñòðîåíèå â âèäå ëîìàíîé ëèíèè

Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèå õîäû êëàññèôèöèðóþò ïî âèäó ïðèìåíÿåìûõ ïðèáîðîâ (íàïðèìåð, òàõåîìåòðè÷åñêèé õîä, íèâåëèðíûé õîä); ïî ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèì îñîáåííîñòÿì (íàïðèìåð, çàìêíóòûé õîä)

85. Èñõîäíûé ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé ïóíêò

Èñõîäíûé ïóíêò

Íäï. Òâåðäûé ïóíêò

D. Festpunkt

Å. Reference point

F. Point fondamental

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé ïóíêò, îòíîñèòåëüíî êîòîðîãî îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïîëîæåíèÿ äðóãèõ ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ ïóíêòîâ

86. Èñõîäíàÿ ñòîðîíà ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòè

Èñõîäíàÿ ñòîðîíà

Íäï. Òâåðäàÿ ñòîðîíà

D. Ausgangsseite

Å. Base-line

F. Base géodésique Côté de départ

Ñòîðîíà ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòè ñ çàäàííûì íàïðàâëåíèåì è äëèíîé, îòíîñèòåëüíî êîòîðîé îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ ýòè õàðàêòåðèñòèêè äðóãèõ ñòîðîí

87. Èñõîäíûå ãåîäåçè÷åñêèå äàòû

D. Geodätische ausgangsdaten

E. Standard geodetic datum

F. Point Fondamental

Òðè âåëè÷èíû, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèå îðèåíòèðîâêó ðåôåðåíö-ýëëèïñîèäà â òåëå Çåìëè è îïðåäåëÿþùèå âçàèìíóþ îðèåíòèðîâêó îñíîâíûõ ïëîñêîñòåé è îñåé àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîé è ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñèñòåì êîîðäèíàò

88. Ïóíêò Ëàïëàñà

D. Laplace-Punkt

Å. Laplace station

F. Point de Laplace

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé ïóíêò, íà êîòîðîì ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå äîëãîòà è àçèìóò îïðåäåëåíû èç àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèõ íàáëþäåíèé

89. Àçèìóò Ëàïëàñà

D. Laplacesches Azimut

E. Laplace azimuth

F. Azimut de Laplace

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé àçèìóò, âûâåäåííûé èç ñîîòâåòñòâåííîãî àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîãî àçèìóòà ïóòåì èñïðàâëåíèÿ åãî çà âëèÿíèå óêëîíåíèÿ îòâåñíîé ëèíèè

90. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé áàçèñ

Áàçèñ

D. Basis Grundlinie

E. Base Geodetic base line

F. Base géodésique

Ëèíèÿ, äëèíà êîòîðîé ïîëó÷åíà èç íåïîñðåäñòâåííûõ èçìåðåíèé è ñëóæèò äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ äëèíû ñòîðîíû ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòè

91. Áàçèñíàÿ ñåòü

D. Basisvergrösserungnetz

Basisnetz

E. Base expansion figure

Base extension

F. Réseau d`amplification de base

Ñèñòåìà òðåóãîëüíèêîâ, ñëóæàùàÿ äëÿ ïåðåõîäà îò äëèíû ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî áàçèñà ê äëèíå ñòîðîíû òðèàíãóëÿöèè òðèãîíîìåòðè÷åñêèì ñïîñîáîì

92. Áàçèñíàÿ ñòîðîíà

Ñòîðîíà òðåóãîëüíèêà òðèàíãóëÿöèè, äëèíà êîòîðîé îïðåäåëåíà èç íåïîñðåäñòâåííûõ èçìåðåíèé è ñëóæèò èñõîäíîé äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ äëèí äðóãèõ ñòîðîí

93. Âûõîäíàÿ ñòîðîíà òðåóãîëüíèêà òðèàíãóëÿöèè

Âûõîäíàÿ ñòîðîíà

D. Ausgangseite

E. Extended base

Ñòîðîíà òðåóãîëüíèêà òðèàíãóëÿöèè, äëèíà êîòîðîé îïðåäåëåíà èç áàçèñíîé ñåòè

94. Ïðåâûøåíèå

D. Höhenunterschied

E. Elevation

F. Dénivelée

Ðàçíîñòü âûñîò òî÷åê

95. Íèâåëèðîâàíèå

D. Nivellement

E. Levelling

F. Nivellement

Îïðåäåëåíèå ïðåâûøåíèé

96. Ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîå íèâåëèðîâàíèå

D. Geometrisches Nivellement

E. Spirit levelling

F. Nivellement géométrique

Íèâåëèðîâàíèå ïðè ïîìîùè ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïðèáîðà ñ ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé âèçèðíîé îñüþ

97. Òðèãîíîìåòðè÷åñêîå íèâåëèðîâàíèå

D. Trigonometrische Höhenmessung

E. Trigonometric levelling

F. Nivellement trigonométrique

Íèâåëèðîâàíèå ïðè ïîìîùè ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïðèáîðà ñ íàêëîííîé âèçèðíîé îñüþ

98. Áàðîìåòðè÷åñêîå íèâåëèðîâàíèå

D. Barometerhöhenmessung

Barometrische Höhenbestimmung

E. Barometric levelling

F. Nivellement barométrique

Íèâåëèðîâàíèå, îñíîâàííîå íà çàâèñèìîñòè ìåæäó âûñîòîé è àòìîñôåðíûì äàâëåíèåì

99. Áàðè÷åñêàÿ ñòóïåíü âûñîòû

Áàðè÷åñêàÿ ñòóïåíü

Íäï. Áàðîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ ñòóïåíü

D. Barometrische Höhenstufe

E. Barometric height increment

F. Échelon de pression d`altitude

Ðàññòîÿíèå ïî âåðòèêàëè, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå èçìåíåíèþ àòìîñôåðíîãî äàâëåíèÿ íà åäèíèöó

100. Ãîðèçîíòàëüíûé áàðè÷åñêèé ãðàäèåíò

Íäï. Ãîðèçîíòàëüíûé áàðîìåòðè÷åñêèé ãðàäèåíò

D. Barometrischer Gradient

E. Baric gradient

F. Gradient barométrique

Íàèáîëüøåå èçìåíåíèå àòìîñôåðíîãî äàâëåíèÿ íà åäèíèöó ðàññòîÿíèÿ äëÿ îäíîé è òîé æå óðîâåííîé ïîâåðõíîñòè

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß

101. Òîïîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ êàðòà

D. Topographische Karte

E. Topographic map

F. Carte topographique

Ïî ÃÎÑÒ 21667-76

102. Òîïîãðàôè÷åñêèé ïëàí

D. Plan

E. Plan

F. Plan topographique

Ïî ÃÎÑÒ 21667-76

103. Öèôðîâàÿ ìîäåëü ìåñòíîñòè

D. Digitales Geländemodell

E. Digital terrain model

F. Modèle digital du terrain

Ìíîæåñòâî, ýëåìåíòàìè êîòîðîãî ÿâëÿþòñÿ òîïîãðàôî-ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ î ìåñòíîñòè è ïðàâèëà îáðàùåíèÿ ñ íåé

104. Òîïîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ñúåìêà

Ñúåìêà

D. Topographische Aufnahme

E. Topographic survey

F. Levé topographique

Êîìïëåêñ ðàáîò, âûïîëíÿåìûõ ñ öåëüþ ïîëó÷åíèÿ ñúåìî÷íîãî îðèãèíàëà òîïîãðàôè÷åñêîé êàðòû èëè ïëàíà, à òàêæå ïîëó÷åíèå òîïîãðàôè÷åñêîé èíôîðìàöèè â äðóãîé ôîðìå

105. Òàõåîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ ñúåìêà

D. Tachymeteraufnahme

E. Tacheometric survey

F. Levé tachéométrique

Òîïîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ñúåìêà, âûïîëíÿåìàÿ ïðè ïîìîùè òàõåîìåòðà

106. Òåîäîëèòíàÿ ñúåìêà

D. Theodolitaufnahme

E. Theodolite survey

F. Levé an théodolite

Òîïîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ñúåìêà, âûïîëíÿåìàÿ ïðè ïîìîùè òåîäîëèòà è ìåð äëèíû èëè äàëüíîìåðîâ

107. Ìåíçóëüíàÿ ñúåìêà

D. Messtischaufnahme

E. Plan table survey

F. Levé a la planchette

Òîïîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ñúåìêà, âûïîëíÿåìàÿ ïðè ïîìîùè ìåíçóëû è êèïðåãåëÿ

108. Ñúåìî÷íîå îáîñíîâàíèå

D. Aufnahmegrundlage

Å. Geodetic control

F. Ganevas de détail

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü, èñïîëüçóåìàÿ äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ òîïîãðàôè÷åñêèõ ñúåìîê

Ïðèìå÷àíèå. Äàííîå ïîíÿòèå âêëþ÷àåò ñúåìî÷íóþ ñåòü è ãåîäåçè÷åñêèå ñåòè áîëåå âûñîêîãî ïîðÿäêà

109. Ñúåìî÷íàÿ òî÷êà

D. Standpunkt

E. Survey point

F. Station de levé de détail

Òî÷êà, ñ êîòîðîé âûïîëíÿþò ñúåìêó äàííîãî ó÷àñòêà ìåñòíîñòè

110. Ïåðåõîäíàÿ ñúåìî÷íàÿ òî÷êà

Ïåðåõîäíàÿ òî÷êà

D. Zwischenpunkt

Å. Plane table station

F. Station supplémentaire de levé de détail

Ñúåìî÷íàÿ òî÷êà, ïîëîæåíèå êîòîðîé ïîëó÷àþò îòíîñèòåëüíî òî÷åê ñúåìî÷íîãî îáîñíîâàíèÿ íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â ïðîöåññå ñúåìêè äàííîãî ó÷àñòêà ìåñòíîñòè

111. Ñúåìî÷íûé ïèêåò

Ïèêåò

D. Vermessungspunkt

Aufnahmepunkt

E. Surveying peg

F. Point jeté

Òî÷êà, ïîëîæåíèå êîòîðîé îïðåäåëÿþò îòíîñèòåëüíî ñúåìî÷íîé òî÷êè â ïðîöåññå ñúåìêè äàííîãî ó÷àñòêà ìåñòíîñòè

112. Ñúåìî÷íûé ïëàíøåò

Ïëàíøåò

D. Messtischblatt Feldblatt

E. Survey sheet field sheet

F. Minute topographique

Ëèñò áóìàãè èëè ôîòîïëàí, íàêëååííûé íà æåñòêóþ îñíîâó è ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ ãðàôè÷åñêèõ ïîñòðîåíèé ïðè ïðîèçâîäñòâå òîïîãðàôè÷åñêîé ñúåìêè

113. Ñúåìî÷íàÿ òðàïåöèÿ

D. Kartenblatt

F. Coupure de la carte

Ó÷àñòîê ïîâåðõíîñòè çåìíîãî ýëëèïñîèäà, îãðàíè÷åííûé ìåðèäèàíàìè è ïàðàëëåëÿìè, êîòîðûå îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ íîìåíêëàòóðîé ëèñòîâ òîïîãðàôè÷åñêîé êàðòû

114. Àáðèñ

Íäï. Êðîêè

D. Gelandeskizze

Gelandekroki

E. Outline Field sketch

F. Croquis

Ñõåìàòè÷åñêèé ÷åðòåæ ó÷àñòêà ìåñòíîñòè

115. Âûñîòà ñå÷åíèÿ ðåëüåôà

Âûñîòà ñå÷åíèÿ

D. Höhenlinienastand

Å. Contour interval

F. Équidistance des courbes

Çàäàííîå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ñîñåäíèìè ñåêóùèìè óðîâåííûìè ïîâåðõíîñòÿìè ïðè èçîáðàæåíèè ðåëüåôà ãîðèçîíòàëÿìè

116. Ãîðèçîíòàëü

D. Schichtlinie

Höhenlinie

E. Contour line

F. Courbes de niveau

Ëèíèÿ ðàâíûõ âûñîò íà êàðòå

117. Çàëîæåíèå

F. Écartement des courbes

Ðàññòîÿíèå íà êàðòå ìåæäó äâóìÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûìè ãîðèçîíòàëÿìè ïî çàäàííîìó íàïðàâëåíèþ

118. Çàëîæåíèå ñêàòà

F. Écartement des courbes minimal

Çàëîæåíèå ïî íàïðàâëåíèþ, íîðìàëüíîìó ê ãîðèçîíòàëÿì

119. Ãðàôèê çàëîæåíèé

Íäï. Ìàñøòàá çàëîæåíèé

F. Échelle de pente

Ãðàôèê, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ êðóòèçíû ñêàòîâ

120. Êðóòèçíà ñêàòà

D. Fallwinkel

Å. Angle of dip Inclination angle

F. Inclinaison de pente

Óãîë, îáðàçóåìûé íàïðàâëåíèåì ñêàòà ñ ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé ïëîñêîñòüþ â äàííîé òî÷êå

121. Óêëîí ìåñòíîñòè

Óêëîí

D. Gefälle

E. Slope

F. Pente Déclivité d`une pente

Òàíãåíñ óãëà íàêëîíà ëèíèè ìåñòíîñòè ê ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé ïëîñêîñòè â äàííîé òî÷êå

122. Êàëüêà âûñîò

D. Pause der Höhen

F. Calque des points cotés

Äîêóìåíò íà êàëüêå, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ õðàíåíèÿ ïîëó÷åííîé â ïðîöåññå òîïîãðàôè÷åñêîé ñúåìêè èíôîðìàöèè î ðåëüåôå

123. Êàëüêà êîíòóðîâ

D. Pause der Grundrisse

F. Calque des détails planimétriques

Äîêóìåíò íà êàëüêå, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ õðàíåíèÿ ïîëó÷åííîé â ïðîöåññå òîïîãðàôè÷åñêîé ñúåìêè èíôîðìàöèè î ñèòóàöèè

104. Ïðîôèëü ìåñòíîñòè

Ïðîôèëü

D. Profil

E. Profile

F. Profil

Ïðîåêöèÿ ñëåäà ñå÷åíèÿ ìåñòíîñòè âåðòèêàëüíîé ïëîñêîñòüþ, ïðîõîäÿùåé ÷åðåç äâå òî÷êè íà ýòó ïëîñêîñòü

ÏÐÈÊËÀÄÍÀß ÃÅÎÄÅÇÈß

125. Ãåîäåçè÷åñêîå òðàññèðîâàíèå

Òðàññèðîâàíèå

D. Absteckung

Trassierung

E. Laying out

Setting out

Marking out

Pegging out Staking

F. Implantation, Tracé

Êîìïëåêñ ãåîäåçè÷åñêèõ ðàáîò ïî ïðîëîæåíèþ òðàññû

126. Îñü òðàññû ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ñîîðóæåíèÿ

Îñü òðàññû

D. Achslinie

Trassenachse

E. Trace axis

F. Axe d`ouvrage

Îñü ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ëèíåéíîãî ñîîðóæåíèÿ, îáîçíà÷åííàÿ íà ìåñòíîñòè èëè íàíåñåííàÿ íà ãðàôè÷åñêèé äîêóìåíò

127. Êðóãîâàÿ êðèâàÿ òðàññû

Êðóãîâàÿ êðèâàÿ

D. Kreisbogen

Kreiskurve

E. Circular curve

F. Courbe de raccordement circulaire

×àñòü îñè òðàññû ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ñîîðóæåíèÿ, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùàÿ ñîáîé äóãó îêðóæíîñòè

128. Ïåðåõîäíàÿ êðèâàÿ òðàññû

Ïåðåõîäíàÿ êðèâàÿ

D. Übergangsbogen

Å. Spiral

Transition curve

F. Courbe de raccordement

×àñòü îñè òðàññû ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ñîîðóæåíèÿ, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùàÿ ñîáîé êðèâóþ ïåðåìåííîãî ðàäèóñà

129. Ïðÿìàÿ âñòàâêà òðàññû

Ïðÿìàÿ âñòàâêà

D. Direkte Einschaltung

F. Alignement

Ïðÿìàÿ ÷àñòü îñè òðàññû ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ñîîðóæåíèÿ, ðàñïîëîæåííàÿ ìåæäó äâóìÿ ñìåæíûìè êðóãîâûìè èëè ïåðåõîäíûìè êðèâûìè

130. Âåðòèêàëüíàÿ êðèâàÿ òðàññû

Âåðòèêàëüíàÿ êðèâàÿ

D. Vertikalkurve

Å. Vertical curve

F. Courbe de raccordement verticale

×àñòü îñè òðàññû ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ñîîðóæåíèÿ, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùàÿ ñîáîé êðèâóþ, ëåæàùóþ â âåðòèêàëüíîé ïëîñêîñòè

131. Ïðîäîëüíûé ïðîôèëü òðàññû

Ïðîäîëüíûé ïðîôèëü

D. Längsprofil

Å. Longitudinal profile

F. Profil en long

Ïðîôèëü ìåñòíîñòè ïî îñè òðàññû ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ñîîðóæåíèÿ

132. Ïîïåðå÷íûé ïðîôèëü òðàññû

Ïîïåðå÷íûé ïðîôèëü

Íäï. Ïîïåðå÷íèê

D. Querprofil

Querschnitt

Å. Cross-section

F. Profilen travers

Ïðîôèëü ìåñòíîñòè ïî ëèíèè, ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíîé ê îñè òðàññû ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ñîîðóæåíèÿ

133. Äåòàëüíàÿ ðàçáèâêà êðèâîé

D. Kurvenabsteckung

Bogenabsteckung

Detaillierte Kurvenabsteckung

E. Setting out of curve

Marking out of curve

F. Tracé d`une courbe de raccordemenet

Âûíîñ òî÷åê êðèâîé íà ìåñòíîñòü ÷åðåç çàäàííûå èíòåðâàëû

134. Ãëàâíûå òî÷êè êðèâîé

D. Kurvenhauptpunkte

E. Points principals d`un courbe de raccordement

Òî÷êè íà÷àëà, êîíöà è ñåðåäèíû êðèâîé òðàññû

135. Òàíãåíñ êðèâîé

D. Tangente

E. Tangent

F. Tangente

Îòðåçîê ïðÿìîé, ñîåäèíÿþùèé âåðøèíó óãëà ïîâîðîòà òðàññû ñ íà÷àëîì èëè êîíöîì êðèâîé

136. Áèññåêòðèñà êðèâîé

D. Winkelhalbierende

E. Curve bisector

F. Bissectrice

Îòðåçîê ïðÿìîé, ñîåäèíÿþùèé âåðøèíó óãëà ïîâîðîòà òðàññû ñ ñåðåäèíîé êðèâîé

137. Ïèêåòàæ òðàññû

Ïèêåòàæ

D. Verpfählung

F. Piquetage

Ñèñòåìà îáîçíà÷åíèÿ è çàêðåïëåíèÿ òî÷åê òðàññû

138. Ïèêåò òðàññû

Ïèêåò

D. Pflock

Pfahl

Å. Peg

F. Piquet

Òî÷êà îñè òðàññû, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííàÿ äëÿ çàêðåïëåíèÿ çàäàííîãî èíòåðâàëà

139. Ïðîåêò âåðòèêàëüíîé ïëàíèðîâêè

D. Entwurf der Vertikalplanung

(der Aufrissplanung)

F. Projet des travaux de terrassement

Òåõíè÷åñêèé äîêóìåíò, îïðåäåëÿþùèé ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ðåëüåôà ìåñòíîñòè äëÿ èíæåíåðíûõ öåëåé

140. Ïðîåêòíàÿ îòìåòêà

Íäï. Êðàñíàÿ îòìåòêà

D. Soll-Höhe

Å. Theoretical height

F. Altitude du projet

Âûñîòà òî÷êè îòíîñèòåëüíî èñõîäíîãî óðîâíÿ, çàäàííàÿ ïðîåêòîì

141. Ôàêòè÷åñêàÿ îòìåòêà

Íäï. ×åðíàÿ îòìåòêà

D. Ist-Hohe

Å. True height

F. Altitude du terrain naturel

Ñóùåñòâóþùàÿ âûñîòà òî÷êè îòíîñèòåëüíî èñõîäíîãî óðîâíÿ

142. Òî÷êà íóëåâûõ ðàáîò

D. Punkt der Nullarbeiten

F. Point des travaux de terrassement nul

Òî÷êà, â êîòîðîé ïðîåêòíàÿ è ôàêòè÷åñêàÿ îòìåòêè ðàâíû 1

143. Ðàçáèâî÷íûé ÷åðòåæ

D. Absteckungsskizze

E. Layout sketch

F. Dessin d`exécution

×åðòåæ, ñîäåðæàùèé âñå íåîáõîäèìûå äàííûå äëÿ ïåðåíåñåíèÿ îòäåëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ñîîðóæåíèÿ â íàòóðó

144. Ðàçáèâî÷íàÿ ñåòü

D. Absteckungsnetz

E. Layout grid

F. Canevas géodésique de chantier

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü, ñîçäàâàåìàÿ äëÿ ïåðåíåñåíèÿ ïðîåêòà â íàòóðó

145. Ñòðîèòåëüíàÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòêà

Ñòðîèòåëüíàÿ ñåòêà

D. Baunetz

F. Quadrillage

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü â âèäå ñèñòåìû êâàäðàòîâ èëè ïðÿìîóãîëüíèêîâ, îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ ïàðàëëåëüíî áîëüøèíñòâó ðàçáèâî÷íûõ îñåé ñîîðóæåíèé

146. Ðåäóöèðîâàíèå ñòðîèòåëüíîé ñåòêè

D. Reduktion des Baunetzes

E. Grid reduction

F. Reduction du quadrillage

Ïåðåìåùåíèå íà ìåñòíîñòè ïóíêòîâ ñòðîèòåëüíîé ãåîäåçè÷åñêîé ñåòêè â ïîëîæåíèå, çàäàííîå ïðîåêòîì

147. Ðàçáèâî÷íàÿ îñü

D. Absteckungsachse

Å. Layout axis

F. Axe projeté du tracé

Îñü ñîîðóæåíèÿ, ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê êîòîðîé â ðàçáèâî÷íûõ ÷åðòåæàõ óêàçûâàþòñÿ äàííûå äëÿ âûíîñà â íàòóðó ñîîðóæåíèÿ èëè îòäåëüíûõ åãî ÷àñòåé

148. Ìîíòàæíàÿ ëèíèÿ

D. Montageachse

F. Axe de montage

Ëèíèÿ, çàêðåïëåííàÿ íà ìåñòíîñòè, îòíîñèòåëüíî êîòîðîé óñòàíàâëèâàþòñÿ êîíñòðóêöèè, ñòàíêè, ìåõàíèçìû è òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîå îáîðóäîâàíèå â ïðîåêòíîå ïîëîæåíèå

149. Ìîíòàæíàÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòêà

Ìîíòàæíàÿ ñåòêà

D. Montagenetz

F. Réseau de montage

Ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòü â âèäå ñèñòåìû êâàäðàòîâ èëè ïðÿìîóãîëüíèêîâ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííàÿ äëÿ ïåðåíîñà â íàòóðó îñåé àãðåãàòîâ è âûïîëíåíèÿ êîíòðîëüíûõ èçìåðåíèé

150. Ñòâîð

D. Fluchtlinie

Fluchtebene

F. Alignement

Âåðòèêàëüíàÿ ïëîñêîñòü, ïðîõîäÿùàÿ ÷åðåç äâå äàííûå òî÷êè

151. Êîíòðîëüíûé ïóíêò ñòâîðà

Êîíòðîëüíûé ïóíêò

D. Alignierkontrollpunkt

E. Check alignment peg

F. Point de controle de 1`alignement

Ïóíêò, ñëóæàùèé äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ñäâèãîâ íàáëþäàåìûõ òî÷åê â íàïðàâëåíèè, ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíîì ñòâîðó

152. Ñòâîðíûå íàáëþäåíèÿ

D. Alignierbeobachtungen

E. Alignment sighting

F. Détermination des déformations horizontales par observations des écartements de 1`alignement

Ìåòîä îïðåäåëåíèÿ ãîðèçîíòàëüíûõ ñìåùåíèé òî÷åê ïî óêëîíåíèÿì êîíòðîëüíûõ ïóíêòîâ îò ñòâîðà

ÀËÔÀÂÈÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ ÒÅÐÌÈÍΠÍÀ ÐÓÑÑÊÎÌ ßÇÛÊÅ

Àáðèñ                                                                                                                              114

Àçèìóò                                                                                                                            55

Àçèìóò àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé                                                                                          56

Àçèìóò ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèé                                                                                            55

Àçèìóò ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé                                                                                               57

Àçèìóò Ëàïëàñà                                                                                                           89

Àíîìàëèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè                                                                                               9

Àíîìàëèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè                                                                               9

Àíîìàëèÿ óñêîðåíèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè                                                                            8

Àíîìàëèÿ óñêîðåíèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè                                                          8

Áàçèñ                                                                                                                               90

Áàçèñ ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé                                                                                                  90

Áèññåêòðèñà êðèâîé                                                                                                   136

Âåëè÷èíà ãåîïîòåíöèàëüíàÿ                                                                                   7

Âñòàâêà ïðÿìàÿ                                                                                                              129

Âñòàâêà òðàññû ïðÿìàÿ                                                                                              129

Âûñîòà ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                                27

Âûñîòà ãåîèäà                                                                                                              19

Âûñîòà äèíàìè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                                30

Âûñîòà íîðìàëüíàÿ                                                                                                    29

Âûñîòà îðòîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                           28

Âûñîòà ñå÷åíèÿ                                                                                                             115

Âûñîòà ñå÷åíèÿ ðåëüåôà                                                                                           115

Ãåîèä                                                                                                                              11

Ãîðèçîíòàëü                                                                                                                  116

Ãðàäèåíò áàðè÷åñêèé ãîðèçîíòàëüíûé                                                                  100

Ãðàäèåíò áàðîìåòðè÷åñêèé ãîðèçîíòàëüíûé                                                           100

Ãðàôèê çàëîæåíèé                                                                                                      119

Äàòû ãåîäåçè÷åñêèå èñõîäíûå                                                                                87

Äîëãîòà àñòðîíîìè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                         34

Äîëãîòà ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                               26

Äîëãîòà ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                          40

Çàäà÷à ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ îáðàòíàÿ                                                                               63

Çàäà÷à ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ïðÿìàÿ                                                                                  62

Çàëîæåíèå                                                                                                                    117

Çàëîæåíèå ñêàòà                                                                                                         118

Çàñå÷êà                                                                                                                           80

Çàñå÷êà ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                               80

Çàñå÷êà êîìáèíèðîâàííàÿ                                                                                       83

Çàñå÷êà îáðàòíàÿ                                                                                                         82

Çàñå÷êà ïðÿìàÿ                                                                                                           81

Çåíèò                                                                                                                              49

Çåíèò àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé                                                                                            50

Çåíèò ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé                                                                                                  51

Çíàê ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé                                                                                                    71

Çíà÷åíèå ïîòåíöèàëà ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè íîðìàëüíîå                                  5

Çíà÷åíèå ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè íîðìàëüíîå                                                         3

Çíà÷åíèå óñêîðåíèÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè íîðìàëüíîå                                     4

Êàëüêà âûñîò                                                                                                               122

Êàëüêà êîíòóðîâ                                                                                                         123

Êàðòà òîïîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                             101

Êîîðäèíàòû àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèå                                                                                 31

Êîîðäèíàòû ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèå                                                                                   35

Êîîðäèíàòû ãåîäåçè÷åñêèå                                                                                      23

Êîîðäèíàòû ãåîäåçè÷åñêèå ïðÿìîóãîëüíûå ïëîñêèå                                        42

Êîîðäèíàòû ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêèå                                                                                 36

Êîîðäèíàòû ãîðèçîíòàëüíûå                                                                                   44

Êîîðäèíàòû ïðÿìîóãîëüíûå ïëîñêèå                                                                         42

Êîîðäèíàòû òîïîöåíòðè÷åñêèå                                                                               43

Êðèâàÿ âåðòèêàëüíàÿ                                                                                                    130

Êðèâàÿ êðóãîâàÿ                                                                                                             127

Êðèâàÿ ïåðåõîäíàÿ                                                                                                        128

Êðèâàÿ òðàññû âåðòèêàëüíàÿ                                                                                   130

Êðèâàÿ òðàññû êðóãîâàÿ                                                                                            127

Êðèâàÿ òðàññû ïåðåõîäíàÿ                                                                                       128

Êðîêè                                                                                                                              128

Êðóòèçíà ñêàòà                                                                                                            120

Ëèíèÿ ïîëÿ ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè ñèëîâàÿ                                                           12

Ëèíèÿ ìîíòàæíàÿ                                                                                                       148

Ëèíèÿ îòâåñíàÿ                                                                                                           13

Ëèíèÿ ñèëîâàÿ                                                                                                               12

Ìàðêà                                                                                                                              73

Ìàðêà öåíòðà ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïóíêòà                                                                    73

Ìàñøòàá çàëîæåíèé                                                                                                    119

Ìåðèäèàí àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé                                                                                        32

Ìåðèäèàí ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé                                                                                             24

Ìåðèäèàí ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêèé                                                                                        37

Ìåðèäèàí íà÷àëüíûé                                                                                                   41

Ìåðèäèàí îñåâîé                                                                                                        60

Ìîäåëü ìåñòíîñòè öèôðîâàÿ                                                                                    103

Íàáëþäåíèÿ ñòâîðíûå                                                                                               152

Íèâåëèðîâàíèå                                                                                                           95

Íèâåëèðîâàíèå àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîå                                                                               21

Íèâåëèðîâàíèå àñòðîíîìî-ãðàâèìåòðè÷åñêîå                                                    22

Íèâåëèðîâàíèå áàðîìåòðè÷åñêîå                                                                           98

Íèâåëèðîâàíèå ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîå                                                                             96

Íèâåëèðîâàíèå ïîâåðõíîñòè ãåîèäà àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîå                                      21

Íèâåëèðîâàíèå òðèãîíîìåòðè÷åñêîå                                                                     97

Îáîñíîâàíèå ñúåìî÷íîå                                                                                            108

Îñü ðàçáèâî÷íàÿ                                                                                                          147

Îñü òðàññû                                                                                                                     126

Îñü òðàññû ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî ñîîðóæåíèÿ                                                               126

Îòìåòêà êðàñíàÿ                                                                                                          140

Îòìåòêà ïðîåêòíàÿ                                                                                                    140

Îòìåòêà ôàêòè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                                141

Îòìåòêà ÷åðíàÿ                                                                                                           141

Ïèêåò                                                                                                                              111

Ïèêåò ñúåìî÷íûé                                                                                                       111

Ïèêåò òðàññû                                                                                                                 138

Ïèêåòàæ                                                                                                                         137

Ïèêåòàæ òðàññû                                                                                                          137

Ïëàí òîïîãðàôè÷åñêèé                                                                                              102

Ïëàíøåò                                                                                                                         112

Ïëàíøåò ñúåìî÷íûé                                                                                                  L12

Ïëîñêîñòü àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà                                                              32

Ïëîñêîñòü âåðòèêàëüíàÿ                                                                                           46

Ïëîñêîñòü ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà                                                                    24

Ïëîñêîñòü ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêîãî ìåðèäèàíà                                                               37

Ïëîñêîñòü ãîðèçîíòàëüíàÿ                                                                                        45

Ïëîñêîñòü íà÷àëüíîãî ìåðèäèàíà                                                                           41

Ïîâåðõíîñòü óðîâåííàÿ                                                                                             10

Ïîëèãîíîìåòðèÿ                                                                                                          78

Ïîïåðå÷íèê                                                                                                                    132

Ïîòåíöèàë âîçìóùàþùèé                                                                                            6

Ïîòåíöèàë íîðìàëüíûé                                                                                               5

Ïîòåíöèàë ñèëû òÿæåñòè                                                                                             1

Ïîòåíöèàë ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè                                                                             1

Ïîòåíöèàë ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè âîçìóùàþùèé                                                 6

Ïðåâûøåíèå                                                                                                                94

Ïðîåêò âåðòèêàëüíîé ïëàíèðîâêè                                                                         139

Ïðîëîæåíèå ãîðèçîíòàëüíîå                                                                                    58

Ïðîôèëü                                                                                                                         124

Ïðîôèëü ìåñòíîñòè                                                                                                     124

Ïðîôèëü ïîïåðå÷íûé                                                                                                   132

Ïðîôèëü ïðîäîëüíûé                                                                                                   131

Ïðîôèëü òðàññû ïîïåðå÷íûé                                                                                   132

Ïðîôèëü òðàññû ïðîäîëüíûé                                                                                   131

Ïóíêò ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé                                                                                                 70

Ïóíêò ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé èñõîäíûé                                                                              85

Ïóíêò èñõîäíûé                                                                                                            85

Ïóíêò êîíòðîëüíûé                                                                                                      151

Ïóíêò Ëàïëàñà                                                                                                             88

Ïóíêò îðèåíòèðíûé                                                                                                   75

Ïóíêò ñòâîðà êîíòðîëüíûé                                                                                      151

Ïóíêò òâåðäûé                                                                                                             85

Ðàäèóñ-âåêòîð ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêèé                                                                             38

Ðàçáèâêà êðèâîé äåòàëüíàÿ                                                                                      133

Ðàññòîÿíèå çåíèòíîå                                                                                                  52

Ðàññòîÿíèå çåíèòíîå àñòðîíîìè÷åñêîå                                                                  53

Ðàññòîÿíèå çåíèòíîå ãåîäåçè÷åñêîå                                                                       54

Ðåäóöèðîâàíèå ñòðîèòåëüíîé ñåòêè                                                                       146

Ðåïåð                                                                                                                               74

Ðåïåð íèâåëèðíûé                                                                                                     74

Ðåôåðåíö-ýëëèïñîèä                                                                                                  15

Ñáëèæåíèå ìåðèäèàíîâ                                                                                            61

Ñåòêà ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ìîíòàæíàÿ                                                                             149

Ñåòêà ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñòðîèòåëüíàÿ                                                                         145

Ñåòêà ìîíòàæíàÿ                                                                                                           149

Ñåòêà ñòðîèòåëüíàÿ                                                                                                       145

Ñåòü àñòðîíîìî-ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                65

Ñåòü áàçèñíàÿ                                                                                                               91

Ñåòü ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                                     64

Ñåòü ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ                                                                     67

Ñåòü íèâåëèðíàÿ                                                                                                         66

Ñåòü ðàçáèâî÷íàÿ                                                                                                        144

Ñåòü ñãóùåíèÿ                                                                                                                68

Ñåòü ñãóùåíèÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                  68

Ñåòü ñúåìî÷íàÿ                                                                                                              69

Ñåòü ñúåìî÷íàÿ ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                69

Ñèëà òÿæåñòè íîðìàëüíàÿ                                                                                            3

Ñòâîð                                                                                                                              150

Ñòîðîíà áàçèñíàÿ                                                                                                        92

Ñòîðîíà âûõîäíàÿ                                                                                                         93

Ñòîðîíà ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ ñåòè èñõîäíàÿ                                                                   86

Ñòîðîíà èñõîäíàÿ                                                                                                          86

Ñòîðîíà òâåðäàÿ                                                                                                          86

Ñòîðîíà òðåóãîëüíèêà òðèàíãóëÿöèè âûõîäíàÿ                                                  93

Ñòóïåíü áàðè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                                      99

Ñòóïåíü áàðîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                          99

Ñòóïåíü âûñîòû áàðè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                    99

Ñôåðîèä çåìíîé                                                                                                           17

Ñôåðîèä óðîâåííûé                                                                                                   18

Ñúåìêà                                                                                                                            104

Ñúåìêà ìåíçóëüíàÿ                                                                                                    107

Ñúåìêà òàõåîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                        105

Ñúåìêà òåîäîëèòíàÿ                                                                                                  106

Ñúåìêà òîïîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                          104

Òàíãåíñ êðèâîé                                                                                                           135

Òî÷êà íóëåâûõ ðàáîò                                                                                                  142

Òî÷êà ïåðåõîäíàÿ                                                                                                          110

Òî÷êà ñúåìî÷íàÿ                                                                                                         109

Òî÷êà ñúåìî÷íàÿ ïåðåõîäíàÿ                                                                                   110

Òî÷êè êðèâîé ãëàâíûå                                                                                              134

Òðàïåöèÿ ñúåìî÷íàÿ                                                                                                  113

Òðàññèðîâàíèå                                                                                                               125

Òðàññèðîâàíèå ãåîäåçè÷åñêîå                                                                                  125

Òðèàíãóëÿöèÿ                                                                                                              77

Òðèëàòåðàöèÿ                                                                                                               79

Óãîë âåðòèêàëüíûé                                                                                                    48

Óãîë ãîðèçîíòàëüíûé                                                                                                47

Óãîë äèðåêöèîííûé                                                                                                   59

Óêëîí                                                                                                                              121

Óêëîí ìåñòíîñòè                                                                                                         121

Óêëîíåíèå îòâåñà                                                                                                          20

Óêëîíåíèå îòâåñíîé ëèíèè                                                                                     20

Óñêîðåíèå ñèëû òÿæåñòè                                                                                             2

Óñêîðåíèå ñèëû òÿæåñòè Çåìëè                                                                             2

Óñêîðåíèå ñèëû òÿæåñòè íîðìàëüíîå                                                                        4

Õîä                                                                                                                                  84

Õîä ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé                                                                                                      84

Öåíòð                                                                                                                              72

Öåíòð ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïóíêòà                                                                                  72

×åðòåæ ðàçáèâî÷íûé                                                                                                 143

Øèðîòà àñòðîíîìè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                         33

Øèðîòà ãåîäåçè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                               25

Øèðîòà ãåîöåíòðè÷åñêàÿ                                                                                          39

Ýëåìåíòû ïðèâåäåíèÿ                                                                                              76

Ýëëèïñîèä çåìíîé                                                                                                      14

Ýëëèïñîèä óðîâåííûé                                                                                               16

ÀËÔÀÂÈÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ ÒÅÐÌÈÍΠÍÀ ÍÅÌÅÖÊÎÌ ßÇÛÊÅ

Absteckung                                                                                                                      125

Absteckungsachse                                                                                                            147

Absteckungsnetz                                                                                                               144

Absteckungsskizze                                                                                                           143

Achslinie                                                                                                                         126

Alignierbeobachtungeh                                                                                                    152

Alignierkontrollpunkt                                                                                                       151

Äquipotentialfläche                                                                                                         10

Astronomisch-geodätisches Netz                                                                                     65

Astronomisch-gravimetrisches Nivellement                                                                    22

Astronomische Breite                                                                                                      33

Astronomische Koordinaten                                                                                            31

Astronomische Länge                                                                                                       34

Astronomische Zenitdistanz                                                                                             53

Aslronomischer Meridian                                                                                                32

Astronomischer Zenit                                                                                                       50

Astronoraischer Azomut                                                                                                  56

Astronomisches Nivellement                                                                                           21

Aufnahmegrundlage                                                                                                         108

Aufnahmenetz                                                                                                                   69

Aufnahmepunkt                                                                                                                111

Ausgangseite                                                                                                                    93

Ausgangsseite                                                                                                                  86

Barometerhöhenmessung                                                                                                  98

Barometriche Höhenbestimmung                                                                                     98

Barometrische Höhenstufe                                                                                               99

Barometrischer Gradient                                                                                                 100

Basis                                                                                                                                90

Basisnetz                                                                                                                          91

Basisvergrösserungsnetz                                                                                                  91

Baunetz                                                                                                                            145

Bezugsellipsoid                                                                                                               15

Detaillierte Kurvenabsteckung                                                                                         133

Digitales Geländemodell                                                                                                 103

Direkte Einschaltung                                                                                                        129

Dreiecksnetz                                                                                                                    77

Dynamische Höhe                                                                                                            30

Ebene rechtwinklige Koordinaten                                                                                    42

Entwurf der Vertikalplanung (der Aufrissplanung)                                                          139

Erdellipsoid                                                                                                                     14

Erdsphäroid                                                                                                                     17

Erste geodätische Hauptaufgabe                                                                                      62

Fallwinkel                                                                                                                       120

Feldblatt                                                                                                                          112

Festpunkt                                                                                                                          70, 85

Festpunktmarke                                                                                                                73

Fluchtebene                                                                                                                      150

Fluchtlinie                                                                                                                        150

Gafälle                                                                                                                             121

Geländekroki                                                                                                                   114

Geländeskizze                                                                                                                  114

Geodätische Ausgangsdaten                                                                                             87

Geodätische Breite                                                                                                          25

Geodätische Höhe                                                                                                            27

Geodätische Koordinaten                                                                                                23

Geodätische Länge                                                                                                           26

Geodätische Zenitdistanz                                                                                                 54

Geodätischer Meridian                                                                                                    24

Geodätischer Punkt                                                                                                          70

Geodätischer Zenit                                                                                                           51

Geodätisches Azimut                                                                                                       57

Geodatisches Einschneiden                                                                                             80

Geodatisches Netz                                                                                                           64

Geographische Koordinaten                                                                                            35

Geographisches Azimut                                                                                                   55

Geoid                                                                                                                               11

Geoidhöhe                                                                                                                       19

Geoidundulation                                                                                                              19

Geometrisces Nivellement                                                                                               96

Geopotentielle Kote                                                                                                         7

Geozentrische Breite                                                                                                       39

Geozentrische Koordinaten                                                                                              36

Geozentrische Länge                                                                                                        40

Geozentrische Meridianehene                                                                                          37

Geozentrischer Meridian                                                                                                 37

Geozentrischer Radiusvektor                                                                                           38

Grundlinie                                                                                                                        90

Hauptmeridian                                                                                                                 60

Höhenbolzen                                                                                                                    74

Höhenlinie                                                                                                                       116

Höhenlinienabstand                                                                                                         115

Höhenmarke                                                                                                                     74

Höhenunterschied                                                                                                            94

Höhenwinkel                                                                                                                    48

Hörizontalkoordinaten                                                                                                     44

Horizontalwinkel                                                                                                             47

Horizontebene                                                                                                                  45

Ist-Höhe                                                                                                                           141

Kartenblatt                                                                                                                       113

Kombiniertes Einschneiden                                                                                             83

Kraftlinie                                                                                                                         12

Kreisbogen                                                                                                                      127

Kreiskurve                                                                                                                       127

Kurvenabsteckung                                                                                                            133

Kurvenhauptpunkte                                                                                                          134

Landesfestpunktnetz                                                                                                         67

Länsgsprofil                                                                                                                     131

Laplace-Punkt                                                                                                                  88

Laplacesches Azimut                                                                                                       89

Lotabweichung                                                                                                                 20

Lotlinie                                                                                                                            13

Lotrichtung                                                                                                                       13

Meereshöhe                                                                                                                     28

Meridianebene                                                                                                                 24, 32

Meridiankonvergenz                                                                                                        61

Messtischaufnahme                                                                                                          107

Messtischblatt                                                                                                                  112

Montageachse                                                                                                                  148

Montagenetz                                                                                                                     149

Niveauellipsoid                                                                                                               16

Niveauflache                                                                                                                    10

Niveausphäroid                                                                                                               18

Nivellement                                                                                                                     95

Nivellementbolzen                                                                                                           74

Nivellementsnetz                                                                                                             66

Normales Schwerepotential                                                                                             5

Normalhöhe                                                                                                                     29

Normalschwere                                                                                                               3

Normalschwerebeschleunigung                                                                                       4

Nullmeridian                                                                                                                    41

Orthometrische Höhe                                                                                                       28

Pause der Grundrisse                                                                                                       123

Pause der Höhen                                                                                                              122

Pfahl                                                                                                                                138

Pfeiler                                                                                                                              71

Pflock                                                                                                                              138

Plan                                                                                                                                  102

Polygonometrische Messungen                                                                                        78

Polygonzug                                                                                                                       78

Profil                                                                                                                               124

Projektionslänge                                                                                                              58

Purikt der Nullarbeiten                                                                                                    142

Punktzentrum                                                                                                                    72

Querprofil                                                                                                                        132

Querschnitt                                                                                                                       132

Reduktion des Baunetzes                                                                                                 146

Reduktionselemente                                                                                                         76

Referenzellipsoid                                                                                                            15

Richtungswinkel                                                                                                              59

Rückwärtseinschneiden                                                                                                   82

Schichtlinie                                                                                                                      116

Schwereanomalie                                                                                                            9

Schwerebeschleunigung                                                                                                   2

Schwerebeschleunigunganomalie                                                                                    8

Schwerepotential                                                                                                             1

Signal                                                                                                                               71

Soll-Höhe                                                                                                                        140

Standpunkt                                                                                                                       109

Störpotential                                                                                                                    6

Tachymeteraufnahme                                                                                                       105

Tangente                                                                                                                          135

Theodolitaufnahme                                                                                                          106

Topographische Aufnahme                                                                                              104

Topographische Karte                                                                                                     101

Topozentrische Koordinaten                                                                                            43

Trassenachse                                                                                                                   126

Trassiorung                                                                                                                      125

Triangulation                                                                                                                   77

Trigonornetrische Höhenmessung                                                                                    97

Trilateration                                                                                                                     79

Übergangsbogen                                                                                                              128

Verdichtungsnetz                                                                                                              68

Vereinigtes Vorwärts-und Rückwartseinschneiden                                                         83

Vermessungspunkt                                                                                                            111

Verpfählung                                                                                                                     137

Vertikalebene                                                                                                                   46

Vertikalkurve                                                                                                                   130

Vertikalwinkel                                                                                                                 48

Vorwärtseinschneiden                                                                                                     81

Winkelhalbierende                                                                                                           136

Zenit                                                                                                                                 49

Zenitdestanz                                                                                                                     52

Zug                                                                                                                                   84

Zweite geodätische Hauptaufgabe                                                                                   63

Zwischenpunkt                                                                                                                 110

ÀËÔÀÂÈÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ ÒÅÐÌÈÍΠÍÀ ÀÍÃËÈÉÑÊÎÌ ßÇÛÊÅ

Acceleration of gravity                                                                                                    2

Alignment sighting                                                                                                           152

Angle of dip                                                                                                                     120

Astro-geodetic net                                                                                                           65

Astro-gravimetric leveling                                                                                              22

Astronomic (al) azimuth                                                                                                  56

Astronomic (al) coordinates                                                                                            31

Astronomic (al) latitude                                                                                                   33

Astronomic (al) levelling                                                                                                21

Astronomic (al) longitude                                                                                                34

Astronomic (al) meridian                                                                                                32

Astronomic (al) zenith                                                                                                     50

Astronomic (al) zenith distance                                                                                       53

Baric gradient                                                                                                                  100

Barometric height increment                                                                                            99

Barometric levelling                                                                                                        98

Âase                                                                                                                                 90

Base expension figure                                                                                                      91

Base extension                                                                                                                 91

Base-line                                                                                                                         86

Bench mark                                                                                                                      74

Central meridian                                                                                                              60

Centre                                                                                                                              72

Check alignment peg                                                                                                        151

Circular curve                                                                                                                  127

Combined intersection and resection                                                                               83

Contour interval                                                                                                               115

Contour line                                                                                                                     116

Control extension                                                                                                             68

Convergence meridians                                                                                                   61

Cross-section                                                                                                                   132

Curve besector                                                                                                                 136

Deviation of the plumb line                                                                                             20

Digital terrain model                                                                                                       103

Direct geodetic problem                                                                                                  62

Disturbing potential                                                                                                         6

Dynamic height                                                                                                                30

Earth ellipsoid                                                                                                                 14

Earth spheroid                                                                                                                 17

Eccentric elements                                                                                                           76

Elevation                                                                                                                         94

Equipotential surface                                                                                                       10

Extended base                                                                                                                  93

Field sheet                                                                                                                       112

Field sketch                                                                                                                     114

Geocentric coordinates                                                                                                    36

Geocentric latitude                                                                                                          39

Geocentric longitude                                                                                                        40

Geocentric meridian                                                                                                        37

Geocentric radius-vector                                                                                                 38

Geodetic azimuth                                                                                                             57

Geodetic base line                                                                                                           90

Geodetic control                                                                                                              108

Geodetic coordinates                                                                                                       23

Geodetic framework                                                                                                        64

Geodetic height                                                                                                                27

Geodetic intersection                                                                                                       80

Geodetic latitude                                                                                                             25

Geodetic longitude                                                                                                           26

Geodetic meridian                                                                                                           24

Geodetic net                                                                                                                     64

Geodetic network                                                                                                            64

Geodetic point                                                                                                                 70

Geodetic zenith                                                                                                                51

Geodetic zenith distance                                                                                                  54

Geographic (al) azimuth                                                                                                  55

Geographic (al) coordinates                                                                                            35

Geoid                                                                                                                               11

Geoid height                                                                                                                    19

Geopotential height                                                                                                          7

Gravity acceleration anomaly                                                                                          8

Gravity anomaly                                                                                                              9

Gravity potential                                                                                                              1

Grid bearing                                                                                                                    5

Grid reduction                                                                                                                 146

Horizontal angle                                                                                                              47

Horizontal coordinates                                                                                                    44

Horizontal distance                                                                                                          58

Horizontal plane                                                                                                              45

Inclination angle                                                                                                              120

Intersection                                                                                                                      81

Inverse geodetic problem                                                                                                63

Laplace azimuth                                                                                                               89

Laplace station                                                                                                                 88

Laying out                                                                                                                        125

Layout axis                                                                                                                       147

Layout grid                                                                                                                       144

Layout sketch                                                                                                                   143

Level ellipsoid                                                                                                                16

Level spheroid                                                                                                                 18

Level surface                                                                                                                   10

Levelling                                                                                                                          95

Levelling net                                                                                                                    66

Longitudinal profile                                                                                                         131

Mark                                                                                                                                73

Marking out                                                                                                                      125

Marking out of curve                                                                                                        133

Normal gravity                                                                                                                 3

Normal gravity acceleration                                                                                            4

Normal gravity potential                                                                                                  5

Normal height                                                                                                                  29

Orthometric height                                                                                                           28

Outline                                                                                                                             114

Peg                                                                                                                                   138

Pegging out                                                                                                                      125

Plan                                                                                                                                  102

Plan table survey                                                                                                             107

Plane coordinate                                                                                                              42

Plane table station                                                                                                            110

Plumb line                                                                                                                        13

Prime meridian                                                                                                                41

Profile                                                                                                                              124

Reference ellipsoid                                                                                                         15

Reference point                                                                                                                85

Resection                                                                                                                         82

Setting out                                                                                                                        125

Setting out of curve                                                                                                          133

Slope                                                                                                                               121

Spherop                                                                                                                           18

Spiral                                                                                                                               128

Spirit leveling                                                                                                                  96

Staking                                                                                                                             125

Standard geodetic datum                                                                                                  87

Survey control                                                                                                                 69

Survey point                                                                                                                     109

Survey sheet                                                                                                                     112

Surveying peg                                                                                                                  111

Tacheometric survey                                                                                                        105

Tangent                                                                                                                            135

Theodolite survey                                                                                                            106

Theoretical height                                                                                                            140

Topocentric coordinates                                                                                                  43

Topographic map                                                                                                             101

Topographic survey                                                                                                         104

Tower                                                                                                                              71

Trace axis                                                                                                                        126

Transition curve                                                                                                               128

Traverse                                                                                                                          84

Traversing                                                                                                                       78

Triangulation                                                                                                                   77

Trigonometric levelling                                                                                                   97

Trilateration                                                                                                                     79

True height                                                                                                                       141

Vertical angle                                                                                                                  48

Vertical curve                                                                                                                  130

Vertical plane                                                                                                                  46

Witness mark                                                                                                                   75

Zenith                                                                                                                               49

Zenith distance                                                                                                                 52

ÀËÔÀÂÈÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ ÒÅÐÌÈÍΠÍÀ ÔÐÀÍÖÓÇÑÊÎÌ ßÇÛÊÅ

Accélération de la pesanteur                                                                                           2

Accélération normale de la pesanteur                                                                              4

Alignement                                                                                                                       129, 150

Altitude géodésique                                                                                                         27

Altitude du géoide                                                                                                           19

Altitude du projet                                                                                                             140

Altitude du terrain naturel                                                                                                141

Altitude dynamique                                                                                                          30

Altitude normale                                                                                                              29

Altitude orthométrique                                                                                                     28

Angle horizontal                                                                                                              47

Angle vertical                                                                                                                  48

Anomalie de 1`accélération de la pesanteur                                                                    8

Anomalie de la pesanteur                                                                                                9

Axe d`ouvrage                                                                                                                 126

Axe de montage                                                                                                               146

Axe projeté du tracé                                                                                                        147

Azimut astronomique                                                                                                       56

Azimut de Laplace                                                                                                           89

Azimut géodésique                                                                                                           57

Azimut geographique                                                                                                       55

Base géodésique                                                                                                              86, 90

Bissectrice                                                                                                                       136

Borne géodésique                                                                                                            72

Calque des détails planimétriques                                                                                   123

Calque des points cotés                                                                                                   122

Canevas de détail                                                                                                            69, 108

Canevas géodésique de chantier                                                                                      144

Carte topographique                                                                                                        101

Cheminement                                                                                                                   84

Cheminement géodésique                                                                                                 78

Convergence des méridiens                                                                                             61

Coordonnées astronomique                                                                                              31

Coordonnées géocentriques                                                                                             36

Coordonnées géodésiques                                                                                               23

Coordonnées géographiques                                                                                            35

Coordonnées horizontales                                                                                                44

Coordonnées rectangulaires                                                                                             42

Coordonnées topocentriques                                                                                            43

Côté de départ                                                                                                                 86

Cote dynamique                                                                                                               30

Cote géopotentiell                                                                                                            7

Cote orthométrique                                                                                                          28

Coupure de la carte                                                                                                          113

Courbes de niveau                                                                                                           116

Courbe de raccordement                                                                                                  128

Courbe de raccordement circulaire                                                                                 127

Courbe de raccordement verticale                                                                                   130

Croquis                                                                                                                            114

Déclivité d`une pente                                                                                                       121

Dénivelée                                                                                                                        94

Dessin d`exécution                                                                                                           143

Détermination des déformations horizontales par

observations des écartements de l`alignement                                                                 152

Déviation de la verticale                                                                                                 20

Distance géocentrique                                                                                                      38

Distance zénithale                                                                                                            52

Distance zénithale astronomique                                                                                      53

Distance zénithale géodésiques                                                                                       54

Ecartement des courbes                                                                                                   117

Ecartement des courbes minimal                                                                                     118

Echelle de pente                                                                                                              119

Echelon de pression d`altitude                                                                                         99

Eléments de décentrement et d`excentrement                                                                   76

Ellipsoide de niveau                                                                                                        16

Ellipsoide de référence                                                                                                   15

Ellipsoide terrestre                                                                                                          14

Equidistance des courbes                                                                                                115

Géoide                                                                                                                             11

Gisement                                                                                                                          59

Gradient barométrique                                                                                                     100

Implantation                                                                                                                     125

Inclinaison de pente                                                                                                         120

Intersection                                                                                                                      80, 81

Latitude astronomique                                                                                                      33

Latitude géocentrique                                                                                                       39

Latitude géodésique                                                                                                         25

Levé à la planchetée                                                                                                        107

Levé au theodolite                                                                                                           106

Levé tachéométrique                                                                                                        105

Levé topographique                                                                                                         104

Ligne de force du clamp de la pesanteur                                                                          12

Longitude astronomique                                                                                                   34

Longitude géocentrique                                                                                                    40

Longitude géodésique                                                                                                      26

Méridien                                                                                                                          24, 32

Méridien astronomique                                                                                                    32

Méridien central                                                                                                              60

Méridien géocentrique                                                                                                     37

Méridien géodésique                                                                                                       24

Méridien d`origine                                                                                                           41

Minute topographique                                                                                                      112

Modéle digital du terrain                                                                                                 103

Nivellement                                                                                                                     95

Nivellement astrogravimétrique                                                                                      22

Nivellement astronomique                                                                                               21

Nivellement barométrique                                                                                               98

Nivellement géométrique                                                                                                 96

Nivellement trigonométrique                                                                                           97

Pente                                                                                                                                121

Penfe transversale                                                                                                            20

Pesanteur normale                                                                                                            3

Piquet                                                                                                                               138

Piquetage                                                                                                                         137

Plan horizontal                                                                                                                 45

Plan méridien                                                                                                                   32

Plan topographique                                                                                                          102

Plan vertical                                                                                                                    46

Point de controle de 1`alignement                                                                                    151

Point de Laplace                                                                                                              88

Point des travaux de terrassement nul                                                                              142

Point Fondamental                                                                                                           87

Point fondamental                                                                                                            85

Point géodésique                                                                                                              70

Point jeté                                                                                                                          111

Points principals d`un courbe de raccordement                                                               134

Polygonation                                                                                                                    78

Potentiel de la pesanteur                                                                                                  1

Potentiel de la pesanteur normal                                                                                      5

Potentiel perturbateur                                                                                                      6

Problème direct de la géodésic ellipsoidale                                                                   62

Problème inverse de la géodésic ellipsoidale                                                                 63

Profil                                                                                                                               124

Profit en long                                                                                                                   131

Profil en travers                                                                                                               132

Projection horizontale                                                                                                      58

Projet des travaux de terrassement                                                                                  139

Quadrillage                                                                                                                      145

Recoupement                                                                                                                   83

Reduction du quadrillage                                                                                                 146

Relèvement                                                                                                                      82

Repère                                                                                                                             73

Repère de nivellement                                                                                                     74

Réseau astro-géodésique                                                                                                 65

Réseau d`amplification de base                                                                                       91

Réseau de mortage                                                                                                           149

Réseau de nivellement                                                                                                     66

Réseau géodésique (d`Etat)                                                                                             67

Réseau géodésique                                                                                                          64

Reseau geodesique embotte                                                                                             68

Signal géodésique                                                                                                            71

Sphéroide terrestre                                                                                                          17

Sphéroide de niveau                                                                                                        18

Station de levé de détail                                                                                                  109

Station supplémentaire de levé de détail                                                                         110

Surface de niveau                                                                                                            10

Surface équipotentielle                                                                                                    10

Tangente                                                                                                                          135

Tracé                                                                                                                               125

Tracé d`une courbe de raccordement                                                                               133

Triangulation                                                                                                                   77

Trilatération                                                                                                                     79

Verticale                                                                                                                          13

Zénith                                                                                                                               49

Zénith astronomique                                                                                                         50

Zénith géodésique                                                                                                            51

ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ
Ñïðàâî÷íîå

Òåðìèí

Îïðåäåëåíèå

1. Ñèëà òÿæåñòè Çåìëè

Ðàâíîäåéñòâóþùàÿ ñèëû òÿãîòåíèÿ Çåìëè è öåíòðîáåæíîé ñèëû åå âðàùåíèÿ îêîëî ñâîåé îñè

2. Ãîðèçîíòèðîâàíèå ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïðèáîðà

Ãîðèçîíòèðîâàíèå ïðèáîðà

Íðê. Íèâåëèðîâàíèå ïðèáîðà

Ñîâìåùåíèå âåðòèêàëüíîé îñè ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïðèáîðà ñ îòâåñíîé ëèíèåé è ïðèâåäåíèå åãî ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé îñè â ãîðèçîíòàëüíîå ïîëîæåíèå

3. Öåíòðèðîâàíèå ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïðèáîðà

Öåíòðèðîâàíèå ïðèáîðà

Ñîâìåùåíèå âåðòèêàëüíîé îñè ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïðèáîðà ñ îòâåñíîé ëèíèåé, ïðîõîäÿùåé ÷åðåç öåíòð ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïóíêòà (òî÷êè)

4. Âèçèðíàÿ öåëü

Ïðåäìåò, íà êîòîðûé íàâîäèòñÿ âèçèðíîå óñòðîéñòâî ãåîäåçè÷åñêîãî ïðèáîðà

 




Õîòèòå îïåðàòèâíî óçíàâàòü î íîâûõ ïóáëèêàöèÿõ íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòîâ íà ïîðòàëå? Ïîäïèøèòåñü íà ðàññûëêó íîâîñòåé!

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